stock market tips
Technical
analysts are familiar with breadth indicators. This is a class of indicators
designed to measure how broad the participation in a price move is. The
general idea behind breadth indicators is that a healthy trend will have broad
participation. In a bull market, for example, most stocks should be in uptrend's.
This
is based on the theory that a market with just narrow leadership is likely to
reverse. This was seen in 2000 when just a few stocks were moving higher. These
stocks carried a great deal of weight in the indexes and pushed the indexes up.
Breadth warned of a problem and the bear market was a problem.
A
popular breadth indicator is the advance-decline line which is calculated by
subtracting the number of stocks declining every day from the number of stocks
advancing.
A/D
line = advancing issues – declining issues
Every
day, technicians complete this simple calculation and chart the result, adding
today’s result to the data. Generally, we see a line (the breadth indicator)
that closely tracks the price action.
The
Breadth of Fundamentals
When
analyzing breadth indicators, technical analysts are generally looking for
short term trends. There are tools and techniques technicians can use for
longer term analysis but breadth analysis is usually focused on the short term.
Fundamental
analysis, on the other hand, is generally focused on the long term. Fundamental
analysts will study financial statements, using data that us updated just once
every three months. The relatively slow pace of changes in the data drives a
longer term perspective analysis for practitioners.
Tools
of fundamental analysts are well known. They often consider different ratios
based on financial statements to develop a market opinion. A financial
statement actually consists of three different components and its possible to
derive a ratio based on data from any of the components.
The
first part of the financial statement is the income statement. This includes
information about sales, expenses and income. Analysts created the price to
earnings (P/E) ratio and price to sales (P/S) ratio to gauge the value of a
stock based on the information in the income statement.
The
next part of the financial statement is the balance sheet. Here the company
provides information about its assets and liabilities. Analysts subtract the
amount of liabilities from total assets to find the book value of the company.
They can then use the price to book value (P/B) ratio to value the stock.
The
final part of the financial statement is the statement of cash flows. This
statement records how a company uses cash. Analysts have developed a number of
calculations to help them interpret cash flow. Among the most popular tools are
those associated with free cash flow (FCF).
FCF
is a measure of a company’s financial performance, calculated as operating cash
flow minus capital expenditures. FCF represents the cash that a company is able
to generate after spending the money required to maintain or expand its asset
base. The price to FCF (P/FCF) ratio is used to measure a stock’s value.
These
tools are generally applied to an individual stock. For example, we may want to
know whether a stock is cheap, relative to its peers, based on the P/E ratio,
the P/B ratio or some other measure. There are also a number of other tools
that can be used to value stocks.
Less
popular is the idea of applying breadth analysis to fundamental indicators. For
example, we could find how many stocks are trading with a low P/E ratio.
This would tell us whether or not the market as a whole is more generally
overvalued or undervalued. These are stock
market investment tips that need to be considered before buying them.
Some
Stocks to Consider
For
those looking for value in the current market, there are a few stocks that are
cheap on all of our screens. These include Gulf Resources (Nasdaq: GURE), AU
Optronics (NYSE: AUO), LG Display Co. (NYSE: LPL), Consumer Portfolio Services
(Nasdaq: CPSS) and AEGON (NYSE: AEG).
During
a bear market, that list of buy candidates will grow and value investors will
be rewarded for their patience.
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